https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24622 Chlorella vulgaris microalgae, and their blends under O₂/N₂ and O₂/CO₂ conditions were studied using a Thermogravimetric Analyzer-Mass Spectroscopy (TG-MS). During co-combustion of blends, three distinct peaks were observed and were attributed to C. vulgaris volatiles combustion, combustion of lignite, and combustion of microalgae char. Activation energy during combustion was calculated using iso-conventional method. Increasing the microalgae content in the blend resulted in an increase in activation energy for the blends combustion. The emissions of S- and N-species during blend fuel combustion were also investigated. The addition of microalgae to lignite during air combustion resulted in lower CO₂, CO, and NO₂ yields but enhanced NO, COS, and SO₂ formation. During oxy-fuel co-combustion, the addition of microalgae to lignite enhanced the formation of gaseous species.]]> Wed 27 Apr 2022 14:48:49 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47744 Wed 25 Jan 2023 15:49:54 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42042 Wed 17 Aug 2022 12:27:25 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46367 Wed 16 Nov 2022 08:58:48 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49898 Wed 14 Jun 2023 11:18:53 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37969 Wed 14 Jul 2021 14:33:49 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47150 Wed 14 Dec 2022 15:27:40 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38198 Wed 11 Aug 2021 09:23:40 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44004 0.15Fe_0.05/fly-ash catalysts have been synthesized by the co-precipitation method using coal fly ash (FA) as the catalyst carrier. The catalyst showed high catalytic activity for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (LTSCR) of NO with NH3. The catalytic reaction experiments were carried out using a lab-scale fixed-bed reactor. De-NOx experimental results showed the use of optimum weight ratio of Mn/FA and Fe/FA, resulted in high NH3-SCR (selective catalytic reduction) activity with a broad operating temperature range (130–300 °C) under 50000 h−1. Various characterization methods were used to understand the role of the physicochemical structure of the synthesized catalysts on their De-NOx capability. The scanning electron microscopy, physical adsorption-desorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed the interaction among the MnOx, FeOx, and the substrate increased the surface area, the amount of high valence metal state (Mn4+, Mn3+, and Fe3+), and the surface adsorbed oxygen. Hence, redox cycles (Fe3+ + Mn2+ ↔ Mn3+ + Fe2+; Fe2+ + Mn4+ ↔ Mn3+ + Fe3+) were co-promoted over the catalyst. The balance between the adsorption ability of the reactants and the redox ability can promote the excellent NOx conversion ability of the catalyst at low temperatures. Furthermore, NH3/NO temperature-programmed desorption, NH3/NO- thermo gravimetric-mass spectrometry (NH3/NO-TG-MS), and in-situ DRIFTs (Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy) results showed the Mn0.15Fe0.05/FA has relatively high adsorption capacity and activation capability of reactants (NO, O2, and NH3) at low temperatures. These results also showed that the Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L–H) reaction mechanism is the main reaction mechanism through which NH3-SCR reactions took place. This work is important for synthesizing an efficient and environmentally-friendly catalyst and demonstrates a promising waste-utilization strategy.]]> Wed 05 Oct 2022 15:04:37 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34925 Wed 05 Aug 2020 13:27:19 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38359 13C NMR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The carbon structure in coke generally is generally in the form of non-graphitic turbostratic structure, which exhibits isotropic property. There is a lack of information in terms of the 3D carbon structure model of coke/semi-coke and how these structures evolve from hydrocarbon sheets to more stable structures above 500 °C in the coke oven. This review also concludes future research scopes and the limitations of current knowledge.]]> Tue 31 Aug 2021 09:15:32 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46699 Tue 29 Nov 2022 09:43:12 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33628 Tue 27 Nov 2018 16:39:30 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38601 2- and sp³-bonded carbons. The results suggested that a dramatic chemical structure change took place during the stages following the plastic layers through to the coke/semi-coke regions. The chemical structure changes were strongly impacted by the properties of the parent coals. The carbon structure changes observed in XPS spectra were in good agreement with the aromatic ring condensation degree, which was indicated by the ratio of out-of-plane aromatic C-H to C=C bonds in aromatic rings. The results showed that the carbon structure evolution took place during the later stages of the thermoplastic ranges, forming the semi-coke.]]> Tue 27 Feb 2024 13:55:06 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47623 2 concentration in the flue gas on denitrification performances of EG-TBAB DESs have been investigated. The highest denitrification efficiency and capacity were achieved using EG to TBAB molar ratio of 50:1 at an operation temperature of 50 °C. The O₂ partial pressure in the flue gas showed no noticeable effects on NO absorption in EG-TBAB DESs. EG-TBAB DESs maintain high denitrification stability after five absorption–desorption cycles. The calculated absorption equilibrium constant (K⁰) and Henry’s law constant (H) showed that EG-TBAB DESs exhibited high absorption capacity for NO molecules, indicating that they are applicable in industrial denitrification processes. The kinetics analysis of NO absorption in EG-TBAB DESs indicated that EG-TBAB DESs could effectively absorb NO and the absorption of NO was strongly influenced by mass transfer.]]> Tue 24 Jan 2023 13:55:42 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47619 Tue 24 Jan 2023 12:25:05 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34922 Tue 21 Mar 2023 16:12:47 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:54357 Tue 20 Feb 2024 16:26:02 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51809 Tue 19 Sep 2023 14:17:02 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40889 Tue 19 Jul 2022 15:55:15 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40832 Tue 19 Jul 2022 10:47:22 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46263 2 emissions per unit energy generation. They represent some of the primary and intermediate solutions to the world’s energy security. Extensive numerical modeling efforts have been undertaken over the past several decades, which have increased our understanding of the technical problems in HELE boilers, including combustion and boiler performance optimization, ash deposition, and material problems at higher operating temperatures and pressures. Overall, the differences in the physical and chemical models, boiler performance, and ash deposition of oxy-fuel combustion in HELE boilers that recirculate CO₂ and H₂O in the boilers are also discussed in comparison with the combustion of coal in the air. This Review comprehensively summarizes the current research on numerical modeling to offer a better understanding of the technical aspects and provides future research requirements of HELE coal-fired boilers, including boiler performance optimization, ash deposition, and material problems. The effects of changes in the configuration and operating conditions are discussed, focusing on the optimization of boiler performance in aspects such as unburnt carbon and NOx emissions. The paper also reviews the retrofit and optimization of operating conditions and the burner geometry with the low-NOx coal combustion technologies necessary to operate the HELE power plants. In terms of ash deposition, the development of submodels, including particle sticking and impacting behaviors and their effects on the deposit growth predictions under different temperatures, are discussed. Numerical models of the material oxidation and creep in the austenitic and nickel-based alloys generally used in HELE conditions have been developed using the finite element method to predict the availability of advanced alloys and creep life in the actual service time of the boiler parts. The predictions of oxide scale growth and exfoliation on the steam-side and fire-side and the creep strength are analyzed. The review also identifies some further research requirements in numerical modeling to achieve the optimization of coal combustion processes and address the technical problems in advanced HELE power plant operations.]]> Tue 15 Nov 2022 08:05:43 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:55303 Tue 14 May 2024 17:52:03 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48323 2 nanostructures that feature a two-dimensional (2D) morphology have attracted extensive attention in environment processing and energy conversion fields owing to their peculiarly large surface area and superior transfer efficiency of photogenerated carriers. In this work, we proposed a hybrid approach including a plasma electrolyte oxidation (PEO) and ion exchange strategy to in situ synthesize TiO₂ nanosheets on a flexible Ti mesh substrate, in which the layered Na₂Ti₂O₅ nanosheets were fabricated as a template. The TiO₂ nanosheets are crystalline anatase phase and exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity and stability in removing phenol. With the modification of the Pt cocatalyst, the phenol degradation performance has been significantly enhanced. More importantly, the in situ grown TiO₂ nanosheets on the flexible Ti mesh provide strong substrate adhesion that enables superior photocatalytic stability for cyclic degradation of phenol. It can be expected that the synthetic strategy proposed in this work can pave a solid way toward the in situ growth of various TiO₂-based composite nanophotocatalysts with sufficient active sites and excellent photocatalytic properties, and thus, it will open up more opportunities for environment processing and energy conversion.]]> Tue 14 Mar 2023 16:26:44 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47032 Tue 13 Dec 2022 14:08:31 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46995 Tue 13 Dec 2022 10:03:30 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38511 3)-based capture process has the potential to simultaneously remove NO_x/SO₂/CO₂ pollutants at low cost, but conventional NH₃-based process suffers high NH₃ slip, high energy consumption and high capital investment. The present study aims to advance the NH₃-based scrubbing technology to overcome these technical issues. We used inter-cooled CO₂ absorber to mitigate the NH₃ emission and enhance CO₂ absorption, while employed advanced flash stripper configuration to significantly decrease the absorbent regeneration duty. We also proposed an effective NO_x/SO₂ removal process by utilizing the slipped NH₃ for multi-pollutant emission control. A validated model was used to gain insight into the techno-economic performance of this advanced NH₃-based NO_x/SO₂/CO₂ removal process, and important process parameters such as absorption temperature, NH₃ concentration and flue gas NO_x/SO₂ concentrations were investigated in detail. The results indicate that the advanced NH₃ process enabled great capital saving by 23% and energy saving by 42%, resulting in a low CO₂-avoided cost of US$44.3/t CO₂, which is 42.8% lower than the baseline NH₃ process.]]> Tue 12 Oct 2021 16:00:05 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34121 Tue 12 Feb 2019 13:12:23 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34546 Tue 09 Mar 2021 12:01:53 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39475 2 emission is partly responsible for climate change induced by greenhouse effects. Carbon capture, utilization and storage is a major pathway to reduce CO₂ emission. This article reviews conversion of CO₂ into value-added products by photocatalytic, electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic processes, which involve a catalyst, a reducing agent, an electrolyte and a reactor. An ideal catalyst should be cheap, abundant, non-toxic, less corrosive and chemically stable. Doping various catalysts can increase product yields up to 207 times. Furthermore, monolith reactors generated 23 times and 14 times higher yields than slurry and cell reactors, respectively. Photoelectrocatalytic conversion standout because it combines the advantages of photocatalytic and electrocatalytic processes such as high product yield and selectivity, no electrical energy required, cost-effectiveness, more catalysts option and no sacrificial donor.]]> Tue 09 Aug 2022 14:33:09 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39309 d-spacing (111) plane, with a characteristic lattice fringe spacing of 0.25 nm. The growth mechanism of the SiC nanowhiskers followed two reaction pathways of vapor-solid (VS) and the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS). Increased CO and CO₂ concentrations due to the evolution of gaseous products (SiO and CO) from the reactive cellulose char led to the growth of SiC nanowhiskers under the solid-vapor mechanism. The presence of inherent metallic species, such as Fe in biochar was found to catalyze the formation and growth of SiC nanowhiskers.]]> Tue 09 Aug 2022 14:17:38 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38925 L_c,a/d_002,a and I_G/I_all monotonously increased, while I_D1/I_G and I_D3/I_G monotonously decreased. Additionally, the specific surface area was not considered in the correlations because it was not the main factor affecting the reactivity. The isothermal and non-isothermal gasification reactivities of coal char gradually decreased with the increase of the pyrolysis temperature to some extent. However, I_D1/I_G could act as a rough indicator for evaluating the characteristic temperatures of chars. It was also revealed that the reaction rate was controlled by various chemical structural factors at different stages. Hence, the correlations based on the chemical structure parameters by combining X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy showed credibility on the prediction of char characteristic temperatures as the critical factor varied with the gasification stage.]]> Tue 08 Mar 2022 11:08:23 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42886 Tue 06 Sep 2022 11:58:22 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40076 Tue 05 Jul 2022 08:28:32 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34606 Tue 02 Apr 2019 16:42:12 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30924 Thu 30 Jan 2020 10:16:09 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45288 Thu 27 Oct 2022 13:45:32 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45312 Thu 27 Oct 2022 11:47:06 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37723 2 and polyaromatics during lignite pyrolysis under pressurized entrained-flow conditions. The pyrolysis temperature and pressure ranged between 600-900 ℃ and 0.1-4.0 MPa, respectively, and were found to greatly influence the yield and composition of pyrolysis products. The results showed that the concentration of H₂ in the light gas fraction increased drastically with pyrolysis temperature and pressure, reaching 91.69 vol% at 900 ℃ and 4.0 MPa, which corresponded to H₂ generation of 0.27 m³/kg coal. The yield of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as naphthalene, biphenylene, fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and fluoranthene was also promoted at elevated pyrolysis temperatures and pressures. The highest PAHs concentration of 90.4 area% in the pyrolysis oil was obtained at 900 ℃ and 4.0 MPa. It was also found that the changes in the hydrogen distribution under pressurized entrained-flow conditions mainly took place during the secondary pyrolysis reactions. It was postulated that hydrogen was formed via aromatization, condensation, aromatic ring growth mechanism, and direct cleavage reactions. The findings of this study showed that lignite could be efficiently converted to H2-rich gas, PAHs as chemical raw materials, and energy-dense lignite char via a novel poly-generation system based on pressurized entrained-flow pyrolysis.]]> Thu 25 Mar 2021 12:33:52 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39888 Thu 21 Jul 2022 09:51:23 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46374 Thu 17 Nov 2022 09:54:00 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40737 28.2 °C) the application of the enthalpy-based method leads to erroneous results. For water systems of small volume that often bear a supercooling more than 30 °C, the recalescence stage should be considered in the modelling.]]> Thu 13 Jun 2024 16:41:54 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40126 Thu 13 Jun 2024 16:21:38 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47021 Thu 13 Jun 2024 16:13:53 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38164 Thu 05 Aug 2021 11:17:45 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37537 Chlorella vulgaris was systematically investigated at the temperatures of 600–900 °C and pressures of 0.1–4.0 MPa. It was found that pressure had a profound impact on the transformation of nitrogen during pyrolysis. The nitrogen retention in bio-char and its content in bio-oil reached a maximum value at 1.0 MPa. The highest conversion of nitrogen (50.25 wt%) into bio-oil was achieved at 1.0 MPa and 800 °C, which was about 7 wt% higher than that at atmospheric pressure. Higher pressures promoted the formation of pyrrolic-N (N-5) and quaternary-N (N-Q) compounds in bio-oil at the expense of nitrile-N and pyridinic-N (N-6) compounds. The X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results on bio-chars clearly evidenced the transformation of N-5 structures into N-6 and N-Q structures at elevated pressures. The nitrogen transformation pathways during pyrolysis of microalgae were proposed and discussed.]]> Thu 04 Feb 2021 16:34:37 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49214 Sun 07 May 2023 09:37:16 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:31123 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:44:41 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30947 2·g^{− 1}) with large pore volume (2.987 cm³·g^{− 1}), unique interconnected mesoporous structure and uniform oxygen-containing functional groups in layered graphene framework, which offer a favorable and efficient pathway for the electrolyte propagation and transportation. The electrodes of supercapacitors made from these graphene nanosheets exhibit a maximum specific capacitance of 272 F·g^{− 1} at the current density of 50 mA·g^{− 1} in aqueous electrolyte, and possess excellent rate capability, low resistance, superior cycling performance with over 96.5% initial capacitance retention after 8000 cycles. The corresponding supercapacitors deliver a desirable energy density of 6.47 Wh·kg^{− 1} at a powder density of 2250 W·kg^{− 1}. This study demonstrates a promising synthesis route for large-scale production of graphene nanosheets from renewable and green humic acid for high performance supercapacitors]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:33:41 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30943 3O₄, Na2CO3, NaOH, and KOH for production of phenolic-rich bio-oil was investigated. The effects of catalyst type, pyrolysis temperature, and biomass/catalyst ratio on product distribution and composition were studied. Among four catalysts tested, Na₂CO₃ significantly increased the selectivity of phenolic compounds in bio-oil during microwave pyrolysis. The highest phenolics concentration of 57.36% (area) was obtained at 500 °C and PT:Na₂CO₃ ratio of 8: 1. The catalytic effect to produce phenolic compounds among all the catalysts tested can be summarized in the order Na₂CO₃>Fe₃O₄>KOH>NaOH. Using KOH and NaOH as catalyst resulted in formation of bio-oil with enhanced higher heating value (HHV) and lower oxygen content, indicating that these catalysts enhanced the deoxygenation of bio-oil. The scanning-electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis of char particles showed the melting of magnetite and vaporizationcondensation of mineral salt catalysts on char particle, which was attributed to extremely high local temperatures during microwave heating.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:33:41 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30879 I_D/I_G ratio decreased from 0.95 to 0.86, indicating higher order of the carbon layers of the HCNFs. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) showed the presence of Fe, K, and Ca in HCNFs structure which may have played a catalytic role during their formation and growth. Mechanism of formation and growth of HCNFs under microwave irradiation were proposed and discussed. The HCNFs-coated bio-char has great potential for removal of heavy metals from waste water.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:26:36 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26575 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:26:11 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24461 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:17:24 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24687 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:10:52 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:25039 Eucalyptus pulverulenta (EP) was studied using a fixed-bed reactor in the temperature range of 300-500 °C and the bio-oil composition was analyzed by using a GC-MS. The results showed that the highest bio-oil yield of 38.45 wt% was obtained at 400 °C in the presence of Na₂CO₃, and the concentration of methoxyaromatics reached the maximum value of 63.4%(area) in the bio-oil. The major methoxyaromatics identified in bio-oil were guaiacol, syringol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxy phenol, and 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene. The analysis of gaseous products indicated that CO₂ was the major gas at low-temperatures and concentrations of H₂ and CH₄ increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Na₂CO₃ promoted the formation of methoxyaromatics, while NaOH seems to have enhanced the formation of phenolics. The mechanism of the formation of methoxyaromatics during pyrolysis of EP was proposed.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:10:47 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23989 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:10:24 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47788 Mon 30 Jan 2023 15:16:55 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53394 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:51:52 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48770 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:51:35 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49967 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:48:47 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45120 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:48:25 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46994 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:42:05 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48385 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:40:33 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51146 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:24:59 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50951 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:24:44 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51629 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:23:08 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53603 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:21:19 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53576 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:20:35 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47174 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:03:37 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48582 Mon 29 Jan 2024 17:58:39 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43652 2H₂ addition (HACA) was postulated to be the mechanism of the formation of PAHs. The 4-ring PAHs (pyrene, fluoranthene) and 3-ring PAHs (phenanthrene, fluorene) were found to dominate the lignin bio-oil, while the bio-oil from cellulose and xylan mainly contained 2-ring PAHs (naphthalene). Elevated pressures and temperatures were also found to significantly increase the selectivity of H₂ in the bio-gas.]]> Mon 29 Jan 2024 17:50:37 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39802 vs RHE), a limiting current density of −5.24 mA cm⁻², and an electron transfer number of 3.87) in 0.1 M KOH solution, which are comparable to that of the benchmark Pt/C electrode, while the former presented better selectivity and short-term durability. The synergy of the formed multi-heterointerface/chemical phases of Ta-based compounds and high content of N-pyridinic, N-quaternary, and N-nitride (metal-N) nitrogen functionalities in carbon were experimentally revealed as the major feature contributing to the enhanced ORR activity. This work sheds light on a sustainable and effective strategy to design and synthesize cost-effective and high-performance carbon-based composite electrocatalysts from fruit waste biomass and unlocks the superb intrinsic catalytic activity of transition metal compounds.]]> Mon 29 Jan 2024 17:47:48 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47208 Mon 29 Jan 2024 17:45:48 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46324 –2 composite presents a high capacity, outstanding cyclic stability, and superior reversibility. The newly developed composite of T-Nb₂O₅/CBG_–2 indicates an initial specific capacity of 378 and 661 mAh g^–1 at 0.02 A g^–1 in the charge/discharge process. At a current density of 0.2 A g^–1, the T-Nb₂O₅/CBG_–2 composite materials can maintain a stable capacity of 216 mAh g^–1 after 100 cycles. Moreover, after the current density has returned to 0.02 A g^–1, it is possible to recover a large capacity of 416 mAh g^–1, which represents the excellent reversibility of T-Nb₂O₅/CBG_-2.]]> Mon 29 Jan 2024 17:44:37 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47513 Mon 23 Jan 2023 12:15:27 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47503 Mon 23 Jan 2023 12:08:24 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47495 Mon 23 Jan 2023 11:47:51 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47475 Mon 23 Jan 2023 11:26:24 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42309 c), interlayer spacing (d₀₀₂) and lateral size of the graphite structures (L_a) were used to evaluate the graphitic structures in chars. The results showed an increase in L_c,, L_a, and the average number of graphene sheets with pyrolysis pressure, indicating a more ordered carbon structure at elevated pressures. The d-spacing of char was in the range of 3.34-3.37 Å, similar to typical graphitic structures.]]> Mon 22 Aug 2022 09:14:19 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48505 Mon 20 Mar 2023 15:50:18 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48502 Mon 20 Mar 2023 15:28:38 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40747 Mon 18 Jul 2022 13:26:41 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40746 Mon 18 Jul 2022 13:26:25 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46288 Mon 14 Nov 2022 16:16:51 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50947 Mon 14 Aug 2023 14:29:30 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43059 Mon 12 Sep 2022 15:12:49 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50228 Mon 10 Jul 2023 11:13:00 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40018 Mon 04 Jul 2022 09:08:41 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40192 Fri 29 Jul 2022 15:46:35 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45430 2O and Na₂O is regarded as the effective component to enhance the ash fusibility for slag tapping. The combination of K₂O and Na₂O may enhance the flux efficiency. In this work, the effect of K₂O/Na₂O mass ratio on fusion behavior of coal ash with high silicon and alumina level was evaluated by the height variation of ash cone during heating. The results showed that AFTs and theoretical fusion range (T_liq-T_ini) decreased quickly and then increased slowly as the K₂O/Na₂O mass ratio in the coal ash was reduced. The sub-liquidus phase changed from mullite into feldspar, which was responsible for change of AFTs. Meanwhile, most of K element occurred in leucite (KAlSi₂O₆) and the rest existed in nepheline (KAlSiO₄), but Na almost existed in nepheline (NaAlSiO₄). The competition effect between K₂O and Na₂O on AFTs was reflected by KAlSiO₄/NaAlSiO₄ in nepheline, so the SiO₂-KAlSi₂O₆-NaAlSi₂O₆ ternary phase diagram was constructed, which well explained the variation of AFTs caused by K₂O/Na₂O mass ratio. Meanwhile, the fusion process was divided into two stages based on variation rate of ash cone height. At first stage, the amount of liquidus phase is limited and the viscosity is high, so only a low shrinkage rate of ash cone exhibits. However, at the second stage, high shrinking rate is caused by not only the rapid increase of slag content but also the sharp decrease of viscosity besides, the addition of K₂O/Na₂O change ash fusion process from “melting-dissolving” into “softening-melting”.]]> Fri 28 Oct 2022 11:48:28 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42584 −1) and large pore volume (3.792 cm³ g⁻¹) with large amount of structural defects and nanopores, which provides sufficient active sites for lithium ions storage and offers favorable pathways for the fast transportation of lithium ions and electrons. When used as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, such porous graphene exhibits a high reversible capacity of 770 mAh·g⁻¹ at current density of 0.1 C, and possesses an outstanding rate capability with desirable capacities of 274 mAh·g⁻¹ and 224 mAh·g⁻¹ even at high current densities of 10 C and 20 C. Moreover, such porous graphene also demonstrates superior cycling performance up to 98.0% of the initial reversible capacity retention after 110 cycles. This study paves a promising approach to the large-scale production of porous graphene from coal for high performance anode materials used in lithium-ion batteries.]]> Fri 26 Aug 2022 08:19:19 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42583 Fri 26 Aug 2022 08:16:36 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41075 Fri 22 Jul 2022 17:04:25 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40041 2. The influence of the concentrations of NO and O₂ on the oxidation of NO was investigated. Besides, the changes in the reaction rate with the particle size of the catalysts were investigated to determine the internal diffusion resistance. The surface area and microcrystalline structure of the catalysts were analyzed to investigate the impact of physical structure on SO₂ poisoning in the catalyst. It was observed that Co doping in Mn/TiO₂ had a favorable impact on reducing the effect of SO₂ poisoning during the NO oxidation reaction. On the basis of the kinetic study, it was concluded that the reaction followed the Langmuir−Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanism, where NO and O₂ were adsorbed on the catalyst, forming highly reactive NO⁺ and O⁻, which were then converted into NO₂. The Co doping into the TiO₂ crystal lattice increased the O₂ adsorption, thus accelerating the rate of NO oxidation reaction.]]> Fri 22 Jul 2022 13:14:04 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38273 Fri 20 Aug 2021 14:01:38 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38450 Fri 17 Sep 2021 12:03:28 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39656 Eucalyptus pulverulenta (EP) branch was investigated in the temperature range of 300-500℃. The results showed that 400℃ was the optimum temperature to achieve the highest yield of bio-oil (28.4 wt.%), where the concentration of methoxy aromatics in the biooil reached to 70.4 area%. The addition of Na₂CO₃ and K₂CO₃ has led to increases in the bio-oil yields. During the microwave pyrolysis of EP, Na₂CO₃ and K₂CO₃ increased the selectivity of methoxy aromatics in the bio-oil, while NaOH showed a negative impact on the selectivity of methoxy aromatics. Based on the findings of the study, the reaction pathways of methoxy aromatic compound formation during pyrolysis were proposed.]]> Fri 17 Jun 2022 13:54:06 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51804 Fri 14 Jun 2024 10:11:57 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41779 Fri 12 Aug 2022 12:03:32 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50924 Fri 11 Aug 2023 15:46:43 AEST ]]>